Rapport föreslår nytt sätt att utveckla nya antibiotika
24 January 2018
Antibiotikaresistens är enligt WHO ett av de största globala hoten mot folkhälsan och alltför få nya antibiotika utvecklas. Det internationella forskningskonsortiet DRIVE-AB, där Uppsala universitet ingår som part, publicerar nu sin slutrapport med förslag på hur man kan driva på utvecklingen av nya antibiotika och samtidigt garantera tillgången och en hållbar användning av de nya läkemedlen.
I rapporten föreslås bland annat införandet av en ”market entry reward”, en modell där varje nytt antibiotikaläkemedel som introduceras på marknaden belönas med en miljard dollar. Det bör kunna öka antalet nya antibiotika på marknaden signifikant de kommande 30 åren, menar forskarna i konsortiet.
DRIVE-AB (Driving Re-investment in research and development for antibiotics and advocating their responsible use) har sedan 2014 haft uppdraget att utveckla nya ekonomiska modeller som kan stimulera utveckling av nya antibiotika. Konsortiet samlade 23 partners från läkemedelsindustrin, akademin och hälsoorganisationer och utvärderade över 30 olika modeller utifrån hur de kan förväntas påverka innovation, hållbar användning och rättvis tillgång.
Den föreslagna belöningen för varje nytt antibiotikaläkemedel syftar till att skapa en attraktivare marknad för investeringar i antibiotikaforskning och utveckling. Belöningen består av en serie av finansiella tillskott till utvecklare som lyckas uppnå kriterierna. DRIVE-AB bedömer, utifrån den forskning som gjorts, att två nya antibiotika riktade mot av WHO prioriterade patogener kan komma ut på marknaden inom fem år.
– Våra simuleringar pekar mot att en belöning som ”market entry reward” kan bidra till att totalt16-20 nya antibiotika kommer ut på marknaden de kommande 30 åren. Utan denna belöning är det sannolikt att några av dessa vetenskapligt lovande behandlingar aldrig når patienterna, säger professor i företagsekonomi Francesco Ciabuschi, partner i konsortiet från Uppsala universitet.
Av samtliga analyserade incitament konstaterades ytterligare tre modeller vara mest effektiva att stimulera forskning och utveckling av antibiotika för hållbar användning och rättvis tillgång.
- Icke återbetalningsbara forskningsanslag
- Statliga eller icke vinstdrivande koordinatorer som identifiera och fyller i alla ”hål” i den globala antibiotikautvecklingen.
- Långsiktig kontinuerlig finansiering som säkrar förutsägbar tillgång av antibiotika över tid
De rekommenderade incitamenten är avsedda att bilda ett ekosystem av kompletterande modeller som maximerar resultatet. Bedömningen är att det inte finns en lösning som passar alla, utan att det behövs en meny av incitament som kan anpassas till lokala förhållanden.
DRIVE-AB beräknar att det krävs 800 miljoner dollar årligen för att finansiera incitamenten, en ökning med 50 procent mot dagens offentliga investeringsnivå i antibiotikautveckling. De rekommenderar att det nyligen lanserade G20-samarbetet i kampen mot antibiotikaresistens koordinerar och prioriterar satsningarna.
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Pressmeddelande från University of Geneva som leder konsortiet
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